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Chronic renal failure is the loss of kidney functions that are reflected as a progressive deterioration, for more than three months, and generally irreversible, glomerular filtration below 60 ml / min / 1.73 m2.
The diagnosis of chronic renal failure is based on the clinical manifestations presented by the patient, as well as alterations that can be seen in blood tests, which consist of: An increase in urea above 40 mg / dl and an increase in creatinine above 1.2 mg / dl.
The characteristics of the chronic renal failure syndrome are:
- Reduced renal function, due to the decrease in the number of nephrons (basic functional unit of the kidney).
- A functional deterioration of the kidney.
- A stable functional situation for weeks or months, but with a progressive worsening.
Five phases of chronic kidney disease are defined, defined by glomerular filtration, with the final stage being a filtering less than 15, assuming the need for dialysis due to the almost total absence of any functioning of the kidneys.
The most frequent diseases associated with the development of chronic kidney disease are:
- This disease can cause an alteration in the kidneys that is the main cause of chronic renal failure.
- Glomerulonephritis: other causes of CKD, sometimes inherited as in Alport syndrome, others due to viruses such as hepatitis B and C or HIV, others due to storage diseases such as myeloma or amyloidosis.
- Vasculitis: are autoimmune processes that especially attack the blood vessels that nourish viscera such as the kidney, highlighting lupus, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Goodpasture, etc.
- Polycystic kidney disease.
- Kidney transplant and associated treatments such as cyclosporine or tacrolimus.
- Drugs: especially the chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and some antibiotics.
Some risk factors for the long-term development of chronic renal failure. The best known are:
- Hypertension and vascular alterations.
- Dyslipidemias (high levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood).
- Family background.
- Lithiasis or stones in the kidneys or in ureters.
- Obstructions of the urinary system, benign or malignant.
- Age over 65 years.
- Tumors
- Infections such as sepsis.
To maintain the health of the kidneys and prevent the onset of kidney failure is important to follow a balanced diet, drink daily between 1.5 and 2 liters of water, reduce alcohol consumption, and exercise regularly.
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