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Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive disorder, is a mental illness characterized by the alternation of depressive and euphoric phases (mania), which tends to become chronic.

Bipolar disorder affects men and women equally, as opposed to depression that is more frequent in women.

A higher incidence of affective disorders among separated and divorced people, as well as in those who have a higher socioeconomic status.

Bipolar disorder can be hereditary, although the genetic defect that could cause it has not been identified. The causes of affective disorders are unknown, although they are thought to be the result of a set of neurobiological and psychosocial factors. Some risk factors associated with the onset of the disease are:

• Seasonal rhythm: depressive relapses in spring / fall and manic relapses in summer, which may be related to weather and sunlight hours.
• Bipolar disorder is the psychiatric disorder that has the greatest family association; thus, up to 50% of bipolar patients may have a first-degree relative with a severe psychiatric disorder.
• Biochemical alterations in brain neurotransmitters.
• Stressful life events: they are usually negative events, such as the loss of an important emotional relationship (death, divorce, separation …) or the change of life situation (dismissal, retirement, change of place of residence …).

It is not always easy to diagnose a bipolar disorder, because the symptoms are often confused with other problems, or are associated with other diseases that can coexist with the disorder. Therefore, it is advisable to consult with the doctor if you suffer from intense and frequent mood changes, and especially if they can not always be related to pleasant or unpleasant life events, or if the affective reaction is disproportionate or prolonged in your case time.

Once diagnosed bipolar disorder is very important to follow the following recommendations:

• Do not abandon the prescribed pharmacological treatment, which should always be controlled by a doctor.
• Establish routines for daily activities, such as meals and rest, and make sure you get enough sleep.
• Learn to know the disease and to distinguish symptoms that indicate variations in your mood.
• Talk to your closest family and friends. They also need to know what is happening to support them better.
• Consult your doctor about any new symptoms, or side effects related to the drugs you take, but do not stop the treatment on your own because it can be dangerous and aggravate the symptoms.
• Try other treatments, such as psychotherapy, that can help you improve your quality of life and your relationship with your loved ones.
• Do not consume alcohol or other drugs.
• Do not self-medicate or take vitamin supplements, or natural herbal remedies, without first consulting your doctor.

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