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Ovarian cancer is a disease in which the malignant cells that cause the tumor form in the tissues of the ovaries or fallopian tubes and grow abnormally and multiply to form a tumor.
Ovarian cancer is the first cause of cancer death in the female reproductive system, although it is not the most frequent (it is the 7th); and the sixth cause of death due to cancer in women. This cancer is suffered by one out of every 70 women, occurs most often in postmenopause, between 65 and 80 years of age and the prognosis, as in all cancers, is worse the greater the stage (degree of development of the disease) of it.
When we talk about ovarian cancer we can distinguish different types of tumors. Here are some of the most common: epithelial tumors, germinal, sex-stromal tumors, secondary tumors.
The most frequent symptoms of ovarian cancer are:
- Abdominal swelling.
- Abdominal pain.
- Irregular vaginal bleeding, which appears outside of the menstrual period.
- Constipation, gas, strong urination.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Loss of appetite.
- Decrease or unexplained weight gain.
- Back pain.
- Constitutional syndrome (tiredness, weight loss …) in tumors with high growth and that are in advanced stages.
Complications can appear such as: ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity), torsion, rupture, intestinal obstruction, spread of cancer to other organs, infection…
The definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer is established by studying the affected tissues, but the clinical history, imaging techniques and serum markers guide (very faithfully in some cases) about the diagnosis.
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