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The light polymorphous eruption (EPL), popularly known as sun allergy, consists of an abnormal reaction to light that produces the appearance of skin lesions after direct exposure to sunlight.
The name of sun allergy is because the symptoms are similar to those of an allergic reaction, however, the EPL is not truly an allergy.
Exposure to light can be the cause of various skin diseases, known as photodermatosis, with EPL being the most common of them all. Although many people experience abnormal reactions to sunlight, the symptoms are usually mild and transient, so most of the time they do not consult their doctor. The exact cause of the allergy to the sun by which that skin reaction occurs in the sunlight is not yet known. However, it is known that the EPL appears when there is more prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UVA or UVB) than normal.
The body areas that are most frequently affected in sun allergy are the neck, the neckline and the forearms. Other regions such as the arms, back or legs can also be affected. Normally, the face and hands of patients with PLA do not present lesions because these areas usually receive a daily sun exposure and, therefore, are accustomed.
Using sunscreen creams prevents skin lesions
The physical examination is key to the diagnosis of sun allergy.
Skin lesions usually appear hours or days after sun exposure
In the treatment of solar allergy, strict sun protection is essential, although in the most severe cases drugs such as corticosteroids or antimalarials may be used. In cases of doubt, a skin biopsy or a procedure called photoprovocation may be performed.
As for prevention, it is essential to protect the skin well with sun creams, clothes or hats. In addition, it is important that the skin gets used little by little to sunlight to prevent the appearance of skin lesions. People who have especially sensitive skin are advised to avoid the use of perfumes, deodorants and cosmetics when sunbathing, as these can promote the appearance of an EPL.
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